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“共同但有區(qū)別的責任”原則

“共同但有區(qū)別的責任”發(fā)端于上世紀70年代初。1972年斯德哥爾摩人類環(huán)境會議宣示，保護環(huán)境是全人類的“共同責任”；會議同時指出，發(fā)展中國家的環(huán)境問題“在很大程度上是發(fā)展不足造成的”，這已是“共同但有區(qū)別的責任”的雛形。1992年，《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》第四條正式明確了這一原則。根據這個原則，發(fā)達國家要率先減排，并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術支持；發(fā)展中國家仍以經濟和社會發(fā)展及消除貧困為首要和壓倒一切的優(yōu)先事項，在得到發(fā)達國家技術和資金支持的情況下，采取措施減緩或適應氣候變化。

這一原則也一直是中國參與國際氣候談判的基礎。

The Principle of "Common But Differentiated Responsibilities"

The principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" began to win general acceptance in the early 1970s. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972, declared that the protection and improvement of the human environment was the duty of the whole world. It also drew attention to the fact that environmental deficiencies in developing countries are themselves generated by the conditions of underdevelopment. This concept constitutes an essential element of the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities."

The principle was written into Article 4 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change adopted in 1992. Under this principle, developed countries should take the lead in emissions reduction and provide support in terms of finance and technology to developing countries, while developing countries should apply this financial and technological support to actions designed to mitigate or adapt to climate change. Notwithstanding, economic and social development and poverty eradication still remain the first and overriding priorities for the developing world.

China has never forsaken this principle in any of the international climate negotiations in which it has participated.