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國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化

2013年11月召開的黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)提出，全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力是一個(gè)國(guó)家制度和制度執(zhí)行能力的集中體現(xiàn)。國(guó)家治理體系是在黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下管理國(guó)家的制度體系，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明和黨的建設(shè)等各領(lǐng)域體制機(jī)制、法律法規(guī)安排，也就是一整套緊密相連、相互協(xié)調(diào)的國(guó)家制度；國(guó)家治理能力則是運(yùn)用國(guó)家制度管理社會(huì)各方面事務(wù)的能力，包括改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、內(nèi)政外交國(guó)防、治黨治國(guó)治軍等各個(gè)方面。國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力是一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，相輔相成，有了好的國(guó)家治理體系才能提高治理能力，提高國(guó)家治理能力才能充分發(fā)揮國(guó)家治理體系的效能。推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，就是要適應(yīng)時(shí)代變化，既改革不適應(yīng)實(shí)踐發(fā)展要求的體制機(jī)制、法律法規(guī)，又不斷構(gòu)建新的體制機(jī)制、法律法規(guī)，使各方面制度更加科學(xué)、更加完善，實(shí)現(xiàn)黨、國(guó)家、社會(huì)各項(xiàng)事務(wù)治理制度化、規(guī)范化、程序化。要更加注重治理能力建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)按制度辦事、依法辦事意識(shí)，善于運(yùn)用制度和法律治理國(guó)家，把各方面制度優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為管理國(guó)家的效能，提高黨科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政水平。推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，是完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度的必然要求，是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化的應(yīng)有之義。

Modernizing the national governance system and capabilities

At its third plenary session held on November 9-12, 2013, the 18th CPC Central Committee stated that the overarching goal of comprehensively expanding in-depth reform is to refine and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to modernize the national governance system and capabilities. The governance system and capabilities of a country are embodied in its institutions and the ability of its institutions to execute. 

China's national governance system, led by the Party, is a system of institutions for managing the country. These include economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and Party development mechanisms and institutions, as well as laws, regulations and plans. These are a complete set of tightly linked and coordinated national institutions. 

China's national governance capabilities are defined by its ability to use these institutions to manage various aspects of society, including reform, development and stability; internal affairs, foreign relations and national defense; and governance of the Party, the nation and the armed forces. 

These institutions and their capabilities are mutually complementary and holistically integrated; there must be a good governance system in order to improve governance capabilities, and capabilities must be improved if institutions are to be fully effective. Promoting their modernization means adapting to changing times and reforming institutions, laws and regulations which are unsuited to the needs of development, while at the same time constantly establishing new institutions, laws and regulations, so that all institutions become more scientific and more complete, thereby making the governance of the Party, of the nation and of the society more institutionalized, more standardized and more procedure-oriented. 

More emphasis must be given to strengthening governance capabilities:

– Work must be done according to more clearly-defined institutional guidelines; 

– There must be a stronger awareness of acting in accordance with the law;

– We must be adept at using institutions and laws to manage the country;

– All institutional strengths should become national governance capacities; and

– The Party's ability to govern scientifically, democratically and in accordance with the law must be improved.

Modernizing the national governance system and capabilities is a requirement for refining and developing Chinese socialism, and it is necessary for achieving socialist modernization.